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Part 7 | Chapter 44 Tutorial Home

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To fully appreciate this tutorial, you should be familiar with the concepts of:
• Diffusion
• Aerobic cellular respiration
• Basic anatomy of insects, fish, birds, and mammals

After this tutorial, you will be able to describe:
• The necessity for respiratory systems in large animals
• The structure and function of the major animal respiratory systems

44 What adaptations have evolved to enable animals to meet their cellular oxygen demands?
Tutorial Menu
Diffusion in unicellular organisms
Diffusion in multicellular organisms
The insect tracheal system
Variations on the tracheal system
Gills
Countercurrent exchange
Bird lungs: two-cycle process
Mammalian lungs: alveoli
Summary
 

Why aren't any unicellular organisms 10 cm in diameter or larger? Why are flatworms flat? Why do fish have gills and mammals lungs?

The answer to each of these questions is related to gas exchange. Most organisms, and all animals, need a constant supply of oxygen to survive. This tutorial will explore the variety of respiratory systems that have evolved to supply the cells of large, multicellular animals with oxygen.

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