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SIMPLE AND AGGREGATE FRUITS
After pollination and subsequent
fertilization, ovules develop into seeds,
and ovaries develop into fruits. Fruits
have developed as a means of dispersal for the
seeds. Fruits are classified on their underlying
structure.
Simple fruits are composed
of material from a single pistil of a single
flower. The pistil may be composed of several
fused carpels.
Simple fruits exhibit a variety
of forms. Fleshy simple fruits with a few seeds
are referred to as berries (e.g., tomato),
while those with a hard central pit are drupes
(e.g., peach). Most of the simple fruits are dry
and in the form of pods that break open to release
seeds. Examples are legumes (e.g., bean
pods), follicles (e.g., milkweed pods),
and capsules. Nuts (e.g., acorns),
grains, and achenes are also dry simple
fruits, but they contain a single seed and do
not break open at maturity.
Aggregate fruits develop
from a single flower that has many separate carpels.
Each carpel will develop into a fleshy globule
that contains one of several seeds. Blackberries
are an example of an aggregate fruit.
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